By E. Joy Bowles
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16 • • THE CHEMISTRY OF AROMATHERAPEUTIC OILS Functional group names A functional group is a chemical entity that gives a molecule its particular characteristics, or its ‘function’. Functional groups can affect the odour, solubility, toxicity and therapeutic properties of molecules. A number of essential oil molecules have one or more functional groups attached to the carbon skeleton of the molecule. 4 summarises the functional groups found in essential oil molecules. Chapter 4 considers the research literature about the therapeutic properties of molecules with different types of functional groups.
Due to the size of oxygen atoms and the way their electrons are arranged, oxygen atoms are strongly ‘electronegative’. Electronegativity is the relative ability of an atom to attract electrons towards its nucleus. 1 • 43 Polarisation of charge in a water molecule slight negative O H slight positive H slight positive bonds are drawn more closely towards the oxygen atom, rather than being equally shared between the two atoms. Other types of highly electronegative atoms are fluorine, nitrogen and chlorine.
1998) examined the ratio and type of constituents produced by jasmine over a 24-hour cycle. Oil from flowers harvested in the morning contained the preferred combination of 38 • • THE CHEMISTRY OF AROMATHERAPEUTIC OILS linalool, benzyl alcohol, cis-jasmone and indole, whereas those harvested in the evening contained higher levels of eugenol, benzyl benzoate and methyl salicylate. 5 A brief overview of the essential oil industry Over 3000 plant species produce essential oils, but only about 300 of these are available commercially.
